CLIL History

DIFFICULTIES IN WESTERN SOCIETIES AND THE RISE OF NEW WORLDS (1971-2018) The Global Response to Climate Change From 30 November to 12 December 2015 the delegations of 195 countries took part in the United Nations Climate Change Conference in Paris. Their aim was to update the Kyoto protocol, discuss climate change and implement binding measures. In the text below some parts of the Paris Agreement are reported. The Agreement will go into effect if 55% of the countries who are responsible for producing 55% of the world s greenhouse gases ratify it by 2020. Air pollution obscuring sunlight in Shanghai. PRIMARY SOURCE from The Paris Agreement: Article 2 1. This Agreement [...] aims to strengthen the global response to the threat of climate change, in the context of sustainable development and efforts to eradicate poverty, including by: (a) Holding the increase in the global average temperature to well below 2 °C above pre-industrial levels and pursuing efforts to limit the temperature increase to 1.5 °C above pre-industrial levels, recognizing that this would significantly reduce the risks and impacts of climate change; (b) Increasing the ability to adapt to the adverse impacts of climate change and foster climate resilience and low greenhouse gas emissions development, in a manner that does not threaten food production. [...] Article 4 1. In order to achieve the long-term temperature goal set out in Article 2, Parties aim to reach global peaking of greenhouse gas emissions as soon as possible, recognizing that peaking will take longer for developing country Parties, and to undertake rapid reductions thereafter in accordance with best available science, so as to achieve a balance between anthropogenic emissions by sources and removals by sinks of greenhouse gases in the second half of this century, on the basis of equity, and in the context of sustainable development and efforts to eradicate poverty. 2. Each Party shall prepare, communicate and maintain successive nationally determined contributions that it intends to achieve. Parties shall pursue domestic mitigation measures, with the aim of achieving the objectives of such contributions. [...] Article 5 1. Parties should take action to conserve and enhance, as appropriate, sinks and reservoirs of greenhouse gases as referred to in Article 4, paragraph 1(d), of the Convention, including forests. 2. Parties are encouraged to take action to implement and support, including through results-based payments, the existing framework as set out in related guidance and decisions already agreed under the Convention for: policy approaches and positive incentives for activities relating to reducing emissions from deforestation and forest degradation, and the role of conservation, sustainable management of forests and enhancement of forest carbon stocks in developing countries; [...] while reaffirming the importance of incentivizing, as appropriate, non-carbon benefits associated with such approaches. [...] 60