CLIL History

THE LONG POSTWAR (1944-1973) The Non-Aligned Movement Those countries that obtained their independence after the Second World War were often indicated by the expression Third World in opposition to the capitalistic First World and the socialist Second World . They started to develop new forms of common coordination and organization. In Bandung, Indonesia, on April 1955, a meeting of Asian and African States took place. Twenty-nine countries, most of which newly independent, were present. They represented a quarter of the total territorial extension of the world and around half of the world s population, but had only 8% of the world s income. Some of these countries, including India, Egypt, and Yugoslavia, founded the NonAligned Movement as they refused to join neither the American nor the Soviet Bloc. PRIMARY SOURCE from Final Declaration of the Asian-African Conference of Bandung, 24 April 1955: Free from mistrust and fear, and with confidence and goodwill towards each other, nations should practise tolerance and live together in peace with one another as good neighbours and develop friendly co-operation on the basis of the following principles: 1. Respect for fundamental human rights and for the purposes and principles of the Charter of the United Nations. 2. Respect for the sovereignty and territorial integrity of all nations. 3. Recognition of the equality of all races and of the equality of all nations, large and small. 4. Abstention from intervention or interference in the internal affairs of another country. 5. Respect for the right of each nation to defend itself singly or collectively, in conformity with the Charter of the Unit- ed Nations. 6. (a) Abstention from the use of arrangements of collective defence to serve the particular interests of any of the big powers. (b) Abstention by any country from exerting pressures on other countries. 7. Refraining from acts or threats of aggression or the use of force against the territorial integrity or political independence of any country. 8. Settlement of all international disputes by peaceful means, such as negotiation, conciliation, arbitration or judicial settlement as well as other peaceful means of the parties own choice, in conformity with the Charter of the United Nations. 9. Promotion of mutual interests and co-operation. 10. Respect for justice and international obligations. ACTIVITY 4.F Individual research 1. Once you have read the primary source go online and discover the 29 countries that participated in the Bandung Conference. 2. Then choose one of the countries that participated in the Conference and try to understand if each of the Principles of the Final Declaration of the Asian-African Conference were applied or not in that country. 3. For each principle give the reason(s) why you believe it was applied or not. 4. Now write a short paragraph (about 150 words) giving your observations about your findings. ACTIVITY 5 General revision 38 1. Why was World War I important for the process of decolonization? 2. How were the USA and the USSR involved in the process of decolonization? 3. What were the principles of Gandhi s philosophy and how did he apply them? Give an example. 4. What did the UN Partition Plan propose for the Palestinians? 5. What did the Non-Aligned Movement try to achieve?