CLIL History

M4 Decolonization Israel After the Great War the Ottoman government collapsed and France and the United Kingdom obtained administrative and economic control on the southern part of the Empire. The British Mandate for Palestine came into effect on 29 September 1923 but the British Empire immediately encountered difficulties in managing the region. In fact, Arab populations claimed territories where Jewish immigration had been increasing since the beginning of the 20th century. In particular, after 1933 many European Jews, helped by the Zionist movement and moved to Palestine to escape from anti-semitic and racist policies. It was in the late 19th century that the Austrian journalist Theodor Herzl founded the Jewish nationalist movement which was called Zionism. The term Zionism came from the name of one of the ancient hills of Jerusalem, the holy city of Judaism. The first Zionist Congress had occurred in Basel in 1897 when the program of the movement was drawn up. It aimed to establish a Jewish national State in Palestine that had been the ancient homeland of the Jews. At the same time, Palestinian nationalism was growing in the region. After the Second World War the situation changed completely. Thousands of survivors of the Shoah, which resulted in the extermination of European Jews by the Nazis, tried to reach Palestine to found Tel Aviv, 14 May 1948: jubilant residents celebrate the birth a new home. Tensions between the Arabs and the Jews of the Jewish State. kept growing and, after the announcement of the end of the British Mandate, the UN proposed a Partition Plan for Palestine. This plan provided for the creation of two different States, an Arab State and a Jewish one, and Jerusalem was to be administered by the UN. The Plan was approved as Resolution 181 by the UN General Assembly on 29 November 1947. The State of Israel was founded on 14 May 1948 and was immediately attacked by a coalition of Arab countries including Jordan, Egypt, Syria and Iraq. For the Jews, the first Arab-Israeli War was a War of Independence while for the Palestinians it was the Nakba , meaning catastrophe , as hundreds of thousands of them were forced out of their homes. The result of this first war for Israel was the widening of the borders that the UN had established and, for the Arabs, the expulsion of around 700,000 Palestinians, all of whom were moved to refugee camps in Lebanon and Jordan. Despite the numerous wars and the establishment of the Palestinian National Authority, numerous problems still remain unsolved in this part of the world. ACTIVITY 4.E After reading the text Israel, complete the timeline below. 1897 1923 1947 1948 37