CLIL History

DEMOCRACIES IN CRISIS AND TOTALITARIAN REGIMES (1924-1945) ACTIVITY 4.E Complete the text inserting the words given. Jews slave-labour annexed Soviet free political Arbeit macht frei, Work makes you (1.) ............ ... , are the words written at the entrance gate of the concentration and extermination camp of Auschwitz. This camp was built in 1940 near the town of Oswiecim, in the part of Poland that had been (2.) ............ ... by Germany in 1939. At the beginning it was used to detain Polish (3.) ............ ... prisoners, then it was transformed into a (4.) ............ ... camp and eventually into an extermination camp. At a short distance from Auschwitz another enormous camp was opened, in Birkenau. It remained open until the (5.) ............ ... troops arrived there on 27 January 1945. More than one million Greek, Hungarian, French, Italian, Dutch and Polish (6.) ............ ... died in Auschwitz-Birkenau. In Italy In the month of October 1935 Fascist Italy attacked the Ethiopian Empire, the last independent state in Africa. The aggression caused a reaction from the League of Nations and the international isolation of Italy. Mussolini decided to try to form a stronger alliance with Nazi Germany, and in 1936 a pact that was called the Rome-Berlin Axis was signed between the two countries. This agreement was strengthened in 1937 by the Italian adhesion to the Anti-Comintern Pact, that had been stipulated by Germany and Japan the year before. Later, in 1939 the Pact of Steel further strengthened the political and military links between Germany and Italy. The alliance with Nazi Germany led the Fascist government to follow the Nuremberg Laws of 1935 and in November 1938 anti-Semitic racial laws were enacted in Italy. These laws excluded the Jews from jobs in the government and from many professions, banned them from attending all educational institutions, and prohibited marriages between Jews and non-Jews. Some months before, in July 1938, Mussolini had promoted the publication of the Manifesto of the Racial Scientists, which stated that a pure Italian race existed and Jews did not belong to it. A few years later, in September 1943, the new Italian Prime Minister Pietro Badoglio arranged for an armistice with the Allies. In retaliation German troops occupied Northern and Central Italy and began to hunt Italian Jews. On 16 October 1943 the SS, under the order of Herbert Kappler, captured about 1,200 Jews, including 200 children, in the ghetto of Rome. Only 12 came back to Italy in 1945. In total approximately 7,500 Italian Jews were victims of the Shoah. ACTIVITY 4.F Read the text In Italy and complete the timeline. ... ..................... ............... in Germany 1935 In November the Fascist government ... ..................... ... ..................... 1938 30 In October Fascist Italy attacked the Ethiopian Empire Italy and Germany ... ..................... 1936 Italy entered into the Anti-Comintern Pact, stipulated by Germany and Japan linked Germany and Italy politically and militarily In September the new Italian prime minister Pietro Badoglio arranged for an armistice with the Allies ... ..................... ... ..................... Only 12 Jews came back to Italy from the extermination camps 1939 1943 ... ..................... The 16 of October the SS, ....................... In July the Manifesto of the Racial Scientists was published